Google OAuth with cURL

This post purpose is to show you how (and help me to remember) how to use Google OAuth without library. So I made theses steps :

  1. obtain a code token from browser
  2. use cURL to get a valid access_token
  3. use cURL again to exchange refresh_token to a brand new access_token without user interaction

Although it exists many client libraries to do so, I will show you how to make an OAuth request using command line tools only (cURL, Bash, etc..) without library. This helped me to understood OAuth workflow and it will allow you to reproduce this complete example on any environment.

I do not explain how Oauth works because many ressources exist. So I suppose you have some basis about Oauth workflow. Ready ?

I begin to set some Bash variables to use them during this session (this will also work with ZSH) :

# client id and secret obtained from Google API Console: https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials
export G_CLIENT_ID="xxxx-xxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com"
export G_CLIENT_SECRET="EW_iOOxxxx"
# redirect URL. You do not need any webserver for now because this will only allow us to copy the redirection URL provided by Google
export G_REDIRECT="http://localhost"
# Scope, that means actions you'll be able to make with obtained token (this is a space separated list)
export G_SCOPE="https://www.googleapis.com/auth/webmasters.readonly"

Now open a tab with your browser to connect with your Google Account. Google will ask you to select a Google user :

firefox "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?client_id=$G_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=$G_REDIRECT&scope=$G_SCOPE&response_type=code&access_type=offline"

Google redirect once you accept scope. Quickly copy redirect URL and extract code HTTP params as is and export in Bash session :

export G_CODE="4/5gxxxx"

This code allow us to obtain an access_token. You can’t use it to now to have access of specified scope. So let’s obtain an access_token with this cURL command :

curl https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token \
  -d code=$G_CODE \
  -d client_id=$G_CLIENT_ID \
  -d client_secret=$G_CLIENT_SECRET \
  -d redirect_uri=$G_REDIRECT \
  -d access_type=offline \
  -d grant_type=authorization_code

You may obtain something like this:

{
  "access_token": "ya29.a0xxxx-xxxxx",
  "expires_in": 3599,
  "refresh_token": "1//03rWf_xxxx",
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/webmasters.readonly",
  "token_type": "Bearer"
}

Some note about this command and result :

  1. Google will only send you this answer once. If you re-run this command you’ll get a tedious invalid_grant error.
  2. You may not receive refresh_token in this response. The refresh_token is only provided on the first authorization from the user. If so go to the page showing Apps with access to your account and remove access of your application. The retry previous steps

Alright, let’s export value and validate token :

export G_ACCESS_TOKEN="ya29.a0xxxx"
export G_REFRESH_TOKEN="1//03rWf_xxxx"

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $G_ACCESS_TOKEN" https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/tokeninfo

You may obtain a response like this :

{
  "azp": "659549366751-xxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com",
  "aud": "659549366751-xxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com",
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/webmasters.readonly",
  "exp": "1603813145",
  "expires_in": "3162",
  "access_type": "offline"
}

So let’s try to get a brand new access_token using refresh_token using this cURL command :

curl https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token \
  --request POST \
  -d client_id=$G_CLIENT_ID \
  -d client_secret=$G_CLIENT_SECRET \
  -d refresh_token=$G_REFRESH_TOKEN \
  -d grant_type=refresh_token

So you’ll obtain a response like this :

{
  "access_token": "ya29.a0xxxx-xxxxx",
  "expires_in": 3599,
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/webmasters.readonly",
  "token_type": "Bearer"
}

So that’s it !

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